{"id":2971,"date":"2020-11-19T10:32:02","date_gmt":"2020-11-19T09:32:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.systra.com\/canada\/expert_insights\/trains-zero-emission-transition-energetique-ou-greenwashing\/"},"modified":"2024-05-03T22:40:16","modified_gmt":"2024-05-03T20:40:16","slug":"trains-zero-emission-transition-energetique-ou-greenwashing","status":"publish","type":"expert_insights","link":"https:\/\/www.systra.com\/canada\/fr\/expert_insights\/trains-zero-emission-transition-energetique-ou-greenwashing\/","title":{"rendered":"Trains \u201cZ\u00e9ro-\u00e9mission\u201d : transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique ou greenwashing ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Le ferroviaire voit ses acteurs proposer, les uns apr\u00e8s les autres, des mat\u00e9riels roulants labellis\u00e9s \u00ab&nbsp;z\u00e9ro-\u00e9mission&nbsp;\u00bb et rivalisant d\u2019innovations technologiques. Jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent limit\u00e9e aux bus et tramways, cette tendance se g\u00e9n\u00e9ralise au rail conventionnel et suscite de nombreux espoirs de croissance durable. Mais le \u00ab&nbsp;verdissement&nbsp;\u00bb de nos transports r\u00e9gionaux ou p\u00e9riurbains est-il si facile&nbsp;? \u00c0 quel prix&nbsp;? Et ces trains sont-ils vraiment \u00ab&nbsp;z\u00e9ro-\u00e9mission&nbsp;\u00bb&nbsp;?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-quelles-technologies-pour-des-trains-zero-emission\">Quelles technologies pour des trains <br>\u00ab&nbsp;z\u00e9ro-\u00e9mission&nbsp;\u00bb&nbsp;?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Au-del\u00e0 des trains aliment\u00e9s par cat\u00e9naire \u2013 qui sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00ab&nbsp;z\u00e9ro-\u00e9mission&nbsp;\u00bb sur leur parcours\u2013 de nombreuses technologies ont vu le jour pour remplacer les trains diesels actuels&nbsp;: gaz naturel, batteries de traction, hydrog\u00e8ne et m\u00eame panneaux solaires, seuls ou combin\u00e9s en trains \u00ab&nbsp;hybrides&nbsp;\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>L\u2019\u00e9nergie solaire<\/strong> peut rapidement \u00eatre \u00e9cart\u00e9e des solutions autonomes&nbsp;: le rayonnement solaire \u00e0 la surface de la Terre est insuffisant pour alimenter un train en service r\u00e9gulier et, accessoirement, rouler de nuit est probl\u00e9matique.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les carburants alternatifs comme le <strong>gaz naturel<\/strong> ne constituent pas en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des alternatives pertinentes au diesel en termes d\u2019\u00e9missions au sens large. Une exception n\u00e9anmoins&nbsp;: le <strong>biogaz<\/strong>, lorsqu&#8217;il est utilis\u00e9 \u00e0 partir de d\u00e9chets agricoles. Sa combustion \u00e9met certes d&#8217;autres particules que les  Gaz \u00e0 Effet de Serre (GES), et son application \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle est un d\u00e9fi, mais transformer le m\u00e9thane en dioxyde de carbone en fait une technologie \u00e0 \u00e9missions n\u00e9gatives&nbsp;\u00e0 court et moyen-terme !<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Les trains \u00e0 batteries<\/strong> sont l\u2019\u00e9volution directe des trains \u00e9lectriques classiques&nbsp;: le stockage d\u2019\u00e9nergie embarqu\u00e9e leur permet de rouler sur des lignes non \u00e9lectrifi\u00e9es et de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier de l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique capitalis\u00e9e par des d\u00e9cennies d\u2019ing\u00e9nierie ferroviaire, du contact roue-rail au freinage par r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration. L\u2019autonomie et le cycle de vie (production, d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement) des batteries&nbsp;en sont les principaux facteurs limitants \u00e0 l\u2019heure actuelle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.34%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.systra.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/1-vlcsnap-2020-11-16-15h14m53s755.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-241772\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><br><br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.34%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.systra.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/2-vlcsnap-2020-11-16-15h15m37s811.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-241798\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Train \u00e0 batteries <br>\u00a9Bombardier<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.systra.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/3-vlcsnap-2020-11-16-15h16m50s593.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-241812\" width=\"360\" height=\"288\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><br><br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Les trains \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne<\/strong> utilisent une \u00ab&nbsp;pile \u00e0 combustible&nbsp;\u00bb pour g\u00e9n\u00e9rer de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 \u00e0 partir d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne. Les piles \u00e0 combustible fonctionnant en r\u00e9gime stabilis\u00e9, des batteries sont ajout\u00e9es pour r\u00e9pondre aux pics de puissance n\u00e9cessit\u00e9s par la propulsion du train. Les trains \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne sont donc aussi des trains \u00e0 batteries, palliant leur autonomie limit\u00e9e par une grande capacit\u00e9 de stockage d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne sous haute pression. L\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne n\u2019\u00e9tant pas directement accessible, le challenge se d\u00e9place au niveau de sa production et de ses enjeux \u00e9conomiques, \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques et environnementaux. Bien plus que les trains \u00e0 batteries, le caract\u00e8re \u00ab&nbsp;z\u00e9ro-\u00e9mission&nbsp;\u00bb d\u2019un train \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne est avant tout celui de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 utilis\u00e9e pour le produire&nbsp;!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:51px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.systra.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/alstom-h2-1024x577.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-241755\" width=\"512\" height=\"289\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Diff\u00e9rentes sources d\u2019\u00e9nergie pour une m\u00eame propulsion : train \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne <br>\u00a9Alstom<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-quelle-est-la-meilleure-solution\">Quelle est la meilleure solution ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Toutes ces technologies ont leurs avantages et inconv\u00e9nients : comment choisir&nbsp;?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>D\u00e8s que le mix \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique permet d\u2019obtenir des \u00e9missions de GES comparables, ce sont<strong> les r\u00e9alit\u00e9s de l\u2019exploitation <\/strong>qui font la diff\u00e9rence&nbsp;: s\u2019interroger sur \u00ab&nbsp;Quelle est la distance entre les arr\u00eats&nbsp;?&nbsp;\u00bb, \u00ab&nbsp;Combien de temps disponibles avant de repartir&nbsp;?&nbsp;\u00bb, \u00ab&nbsp;Le profil de la ligne est-il accident\u00e9&nbsp;?&nbsp;\u00bb permet de faire rapidement \u00e9merger les meilleures solutions possibles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La <strong>capacit\u00e9 d\u2019adaptation de l\u2019existant<\/strong>, infrastructures comme mat\u00e9riel roulant, est \u00e9galement un crit\u00e8re de d\u00e9cision. L\u2019adaptation de motorisations thermiques au biogaz ou l\u2019int\u00e9gration de batteries dans des trains hybrides est l\u2019opportunit\u00e9 de viser le \u00ab&nbsp;z\u00e9ro-\u00e9mission&nbsp;\u00bb en limitant les impacts sur les mod\u00e8les d\u2019exploitation et sur l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 des r\u00e9seaux existants.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>En termes d\u2019investissement, <strong>l\u2019effet d\u2019\u00e9chelle<\/strong> est incontournable, car le choix de la technologie est aussi le choix de la r\u00e9partition des co\u00fbts entre infrastructures, mat\u00e9riel roulant et consommation d\u2019\u00e9nergie&nbsp;: l\u2019\u00e9tendue du r\u00e9seau, de la flotte et des installations requises sont sp\u00e9cifiques au service envisag\u00e9 et d\u00e9terminent la pertinence de chaque application.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:41px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:55%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.systra.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/img_train_paca.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-258595\" width=\"557\" height=\"251\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Un train diesel en r\u00e9gion PACA, accompagn\u00e9e par SYSTRA <br>pour \u00e9valuer les alternatives \u00ab z\u00e9ro-\u00e9mission \u00bb pertinentes  \u00a9CAF<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\">\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Il n\u2019y a  pas de solution universelle, en particulier si l\u2019on consid\u00e8re les services voyageurs, allant de dessertes touristiques et r\u00e9gionales \u00e0 des r\u00e9seaux suburbains \u00e0 forte densit\u00e9. L\u2019\u00e9lectrification par cat\u00e9naires ou les batteries embarqu\u00e9es trouvent d\u2019ores et d\u00e9j\u00e0 un vaste domaine de pertinence, s\u2019av\u00e9rant les plus efficaces et \u00e9conomiques dans la majorit\u00e9 des cas d\u2019usage, compte-tenu des distances inter-gares usuelles et de l\u2019intensit\u00e9 de l\u2019offre ferroviaire. L\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne et le biogaz ont leurs avantages, mais sont d\u00e9pendants du d\u00e9veloppement de leur propre fili\u00e8re \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique et n\u00e9cessitent incitations et opportunit\u00e9s externes, qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse de partenariats locaux ou d\u2019effets d\u2019\u00e9chelle avec d\u2019autres secteurs clients.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Mais cette diversit\u00e9 de solutions est aussi une opportunit\u00e9 d\u2019un point de vue international. Elle rend l\u2019industrie ferroviaire capable de proposer des solutions de r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de GES adapt\u00e9es \u00e0 chaque contexte. Les pays \u00e9mergents au d\u00e9veloppement progressif de leurs fili\u00e8res \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques, ou fortement orient\u00e9s vers les ressources naturelles localement pr\u00e9pond\u00e9rantes, ne sont pas contraints au choix du diesel&nbsp;: ils peuvent b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier de technologies \u00ab&nbsp;z\u00e9ro-\u00e9mission&nbsp;\u00bb adapt\u00e9es \u00e0 leur profil \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique et ainsi d\u00e9montrer que d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique et transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique ne sont pas antagonistes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:70px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-quelles-perspectives-d-evolution\">Quelles perspectives d\u2019\u00e9volution ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>La transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique sera de plus en plus inscrite dans les r\u00e9glementations, c\u2019est une tendance de fond. C\u2019est d\u00e9j\u00e0 le cas pour les bus dans certains pays comme la France&nbsp;: SYSTRA en est un leader via de nombreux projets li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9lectromobilit\u00e9 et en conseillant les autorit\u00e9s organisatrices de transport d\u00e9sireuses d\u2019anticiper des changements similaires pour les services ferroviaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les <strong>batteries<\/strong> pr\u00e9sentent un fort potentiel d\u2019am\u00e9lioration au cours des prochaines ann\u00e9es. Les leviers de l\u2019industrie automobile sont \u00e0 m\u00eame de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des augmentations de capacit\u00e9 et de dur\u00e9e de vie des cellules de batteries tout en r\u00e9duisant leur co\u00fbt, ce dont l\u2019industrie ferroviaire b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiera \u00e9galement\u2026 Voir des g\u00e9ants p\u00e9troliers racheter des fabricants de batterie n\u2019est pas anodin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-default\" \/>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Le biogaz<\/strong> souffre d\u2019un d\u00e9ficit d\u2019image, pour des raisons culturelles et historiques, et son potentiel volume de production est limit\u00e9. Mais ses qualit\u00e9s intrins\u00e8ques pourraient g\u00e9n\u00e9rer bien des opportunit\u00e9s pour des initiatives locales permettant de \u00ab&nbsp;verdir&nbsp;\u00bb facilement et rapidement l\u2019exploitation de lignes \u00e0 faible densit\u00e9 de trafic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-default\" \/>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>L\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne <\/strong>est un sujet en soi. Du seul point de vue du transport et de la mobilit\u00e9, la solution \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne peine \u00e0 trouver son domaine de pertinence, en l\u2019\u00e9tat actuel de la technologie. Mais bien plus qu\u2019un carburant pour le transport, l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne est un vecteur \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique dot\u00e9 de capacit\u00e9s de stockage d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 d\u00e9carbon\u00e9e. En d\u2019autres termes, dans le cadre d\u2019une strat\u00e9gie multi-secteurs associant g\u00e9n\u00e9ration d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 bas-carbone, production d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne et industrie ferroviaire, le train \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne pourrait \u00eatre le vaisseau amiral de l\u2019export de la mobilit\u00e9 \u00ab&nbsp;z\u00e9ro-\u00e9mission&nbsp;\u00bb vers les pays \u00e0 mix \u00e9lectrique fortement carbon\u00e9s\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.systra.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/img_train_hydrogene.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-259615\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote has-text-align-center is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u2026Train \u00e0 Hydrog\u00e8ne : le vaisseau amiral de l\u2019export de la mobilit\u00e9 \u00ab z\u00e9ro-\u00e9mission \u00bb vers les pays \u00e0 \u00e9lectricit\u00e9 fortement carbon\u00e9e\u2026 \u00a9Alstom<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-trains-zeros-emission-la-complementarite-solution-ideale\">Trains \u00ab z\u00e9ros-\u00e9mission \u00bb : la compl\u00e9mentarit\u00e9, solution id\u00e9ale ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Quand le trafic s\u2019av\u00e8re insuffisant pour justifier l\u2019\u00e9lectrification d\u2019une ligne, l\u2019industrie ferroviaire n\u2019est pas en manque de solutions pour proposer des alternatives permettant de r\u00e9duire l\u2019empreinte environnementale du transport \u00e0 co\u00fbts ma\u00eetris\u00e9s. Mais pour l\u2019heure, aucune solution autonome ne peut rivaliser enti\u00e8rement avec une cat\u00e9naire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>Si les batteries disposent d\u2019une efficacit\u00e9 in\u00e9gal\u00e9e, elles pr\u00e9sentent aussi des contraintes op\u00e9rationnelles sur leur cycle de vie complet : des progr\u00e8s technologiques sont indispensables pour r\u00e9aliser leur plein potentiel. L\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne acclam\u00e9 et le biogaz m\u00e9pris\u00e9 sont tous deux d\u00e9pendants du d\u00e9veloppement de fili\u00e8res externes de production \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle et de circuits de distribution \u2013 qui ne peuvent \u00eatre assum\u00e9s par les seules lignes ferroviaires de faible trafic. Mais plut\u00f4t que de r\u00e9aliser un pari sur l\u2019avenir en privil\u00e9giant une technologie, la solution la plus sage consiste \u00e0  pr\u00e9server la compl\u00e9mentarit\u00e9 de ce portefeuille technologique, permettant de s\u00e9lectionner la solution la plus adapt\u00e9e aux besoins de l\u2019offre ferroviaire et aux opportunit\u00e9s \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques locales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>Plus g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement, le label \u00ab z\u00e9ro-\u00e9mission \u00bb \u00e9tant directement d\u00e9pendant du mix \u00e9lectrique local, les technologies de trains \u00ab z\u00e9ro-\u00e9mission \u00bb d\u00e9passent le simple cadre de la mobilit\u00e9. Mettant en \u00e9vidence la possibilit\u00e9 de transformer de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 bas-carbone en produits stockables et transportables, elles ouvrent la voie d\u2019un march\u00e9 international de l\u2019\u00e9nergie bas-carbone \u00e0 co\u00fbts ma\u00eetris\u00e9s. Et dont le train \u00ab z\u00e9ro-\u00e9mission \u00bb serait le premier messager\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":100000265317,"template":"","type-insight":[65],"class_list":["post-2971","expert_insights","type-expert_insights","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","type-insight-transition-energetique"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Trains \u201cZ\u00e9ro-\u00e9mission\u201d : transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique ou greenwashing ? - SYSTRA Canada<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"SYSTRA Canada, consulting and engineering firm, world leader in public transport infrastructure engineering.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Trains \u201cZ\u00e9ro-\u00e9mission\u201d : transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique ou greenwashing ?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"SYSTRA Canada, consulting and engineering firm, world leader in public transport infrastructure engineering.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.systra.com\/canada\/fr\/expert_insights\/trains-zero-emission-transition-energetique-ou-greenwashing\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Canada\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-05-03T20:40:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.systra.com\\\/canada\\\/fr\\\/expert_insights\\\/trains-zero-emission-transition-energetique-ou-greenwashing\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.systra.com\\\/canada\\\/fr\\\/expert_insights\\\/trains-zero-emission-transition-energetique-ou-greenwashing\\\/\",\"name\":\"Trains \u201cZ\u00e9ro-\u00e9mission\u201d : transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique ou greenwashing ? 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